Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), page range. DOI
Moriguchi, Y., & Terazono, A. (2000). A simplified model for spatially differentiated impact assessment of air emissions. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 5(5), 281-286. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02977580
(Moriguchi & Terazono, 2000)
Alt.
Moriguchi and Terazono (2000)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), page range.
Collette, J. M. (1992). Sustainable economic-development and sustainable energy use. International Journal of Global Energy Issues, 4(4), 220-239.
(Collette, 1992)
Alt.
Collette (1992)
* For works without DOIs from most academic research databases, do not include a URL or database information. The reference should be the same as the reference for a print version of the work.
* For works without DOIs from websites, provide a URL in the reference.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author C. C., Author D. D., & Author, E. E. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number, Article number. DOI
Huang, S. W., He, Q., Liu, M. Y., An, H., & Hou, L. X. (2020). Controlled synthesis of porous nanosheets-assembled peony-like cobalt nickel selenides for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 818, Article 152817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.152817
(Huang et al., 2020)
Alt.
Huang et al. (2020)
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author C. C., Author D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., & Author, I. I. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number, page range. DOI
Zafar, M., Khan, S. A., Sher, F., Ali, M., Manzoor, T., Rahman, S. A., Kim, W. Y., Saleem, M., & Kim, D. H. (2020). Effect of randomly grown morphology of ZnO nanorods in inverted organic solar cells. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 20(7), 4414-4418. https://doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.17542
(Zafar et al., 2020)
Alt.
Zafar et al. (2020)
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author C. C., Author D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S .S., . . . Author, Z. Z. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue), page range. DOI
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty one pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968. https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537
(Wiskunde et al., 2019)
Alt.
Wiskunde et al. (2019)
* When there are 21 authors or more, include the first 19 author's names, insert an ellipsis (but no ampersand), and then add the final author's name.
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author C. C., & Author D. D. (Date). Title of article [Translation of the title]. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), page range.
Gagnon, C., Chouinard, M., Lavoie, M., & Champagne, F. (2010). Analyse du rôle de l’infirmière dans le suivi des personnes atteintes de maladies neuromusculaires [Nursing in neuromuscular diseases]. Canadian Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 32(4), 22-29.
(Gagnon et al., 2010)
Alt.
Gagnon et al. (2010)
* For the convenience of the reader, it may be necessary to translate the title of an article neither written in English nor in Swedish. The translation is placed in square brackets after the title.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (in press). Title of article. Title of Periodical.
Müller, J. F., & Gogoll, J. (in press). Should manual driving be (eventually) outlawed? Science and Engineering Ethics.
(Müller & Gogoll, in press)
Alt.
Müller and Gogoll (in press)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of article. Title of periodical, vol. (issue), page range.
Inghe, M. (2014). 7 smartaste mobilerna. PC för alla Digitala hemmet, 18(6-7), 28-35.
Tivermo, J. (2020, February 24). Så ska Gothenburg horse show bli ännu bättre 2021. Göteborgs-Posten.
(Inge, 2014; Tivermo, 2020)
Alt.
Inge (2014) and Tivermo (2020)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of article. Title of periodical. URL
Poulsen, A. G. (2014). Aeromobilen: både sportflygplan och racerbil. Illustrerad Vetenskap. http://illvet.se/
(Poulsen, 2014)
Alt.
Poulsen (2014)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of article. Site Name. URL
Guy, J. (2020, February 21). Frozen bird found in Siberia is 46,000 years old. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2020/02/21/europe/frozen-bird-ice-age-scli-intl-scn/index.html
(Guy, 2020)
Alt.
Guy (2020)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of blog post. Blog title. URL
Björn, L. O. (2019, December 9). Hundra procent solenergi. Forskning & Framsteg. https://fof.se/blogg/hundra-procent-solenergi
(Björn, 2019)
Alt.
Björn (2019)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of book. Publisher Name. DOI
Goldengorin, B., Krushinsky, D., & Pardalos, P. M. (2013). Cell information in industrial engineering: Theory, algorithms and experiments. Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8002-0
Lancaster, M. (2016). Green chemistry: An introductory text (2nd ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry.
(Goldengorin et al., 2013; Lancester, 2016)
Alt.
Goldengorin (2013) and Lancester (2016)
Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Date). Title of book. Publisher Name. DOI
Blom, I., Sogner, S., Rosenbeck, B., & Björkander-Mannheimer, E. (Eds.). (2006). Kvinnor i västvärlden från renässans till nutid: Renässans, reformation och revolution. Liber.
Smith, A. E. (Ed.). (2020).Women in industrial and systems engineering: Key advances and perspectives on emerging topics. Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11866-2
(Blom et al., 2006; Smith, 2020)
Alt.
Blom et al. (2006) and Smith (2020)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of book (Xth ed.). Publisher Name. DOI
Eriksson, L.T., & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (2001). Att utreda, forska och rapportera. (7th ed). Liber ekonomi.
(Eriksson & Wiedersheim-Paul, 2001)
Alt.
Eriksson and Wiedersheim-Paul (2001)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor & F. F. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. 3-13). Publisher Name.
van der Schans, J. W., & Wiskerke, J. S. C. (2012). Urban agriculture in developed economies. In A. Viljonen & J. S. C. Whiskerke (Eds.), Sustainable food planning: Evolving theory and practice (pp. 245-258). Wageningen Academic Publishers.
(van der Schans & Wiskerke, 2012)
Alt.
van der Schans and Wiskerke (2012)
Author, A. A., Author, B. B. & Author, C. C. (Date). Title of book (Xth ed., Vol. X). Publisher Name. DOI
Fiske, S. T., Gilbert, D. T., & Lindzey, G. (2010). Handbook of social psychology (5th ed., Vol. 1). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470561119
(Fiske et al., 2010)
Alt.
Fiske et al. (2010)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of book [Translation of the title]. Publisher Name.
Bruderer, H. (2015). Meilensteine der rechentechnik : Zur geschichte der mathematik und der informatik [Milestones in computer use: the history of mathematics and computer science]. Walter de Gruyter GmbH.
(Bruderer, 2015)
Alt.
Bruderer (2015)
* To make it easier for the reader, it may be necessary to translate the title of a book or ebook that is not written in English. The translation is placed within square brackets after the title.
Presenter, A. A. (Date). Title of contribution [Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Location.
Stone, J. (2004, November 30-December 1). A new integrated system for digital cinema projection and security [Paper presentation]. The IEEE 2-day seminar on IT to HD: Visions of Broadcasting in the 21st Century (Ref. No. 2004/10760). London, UK.
(Stone, 2004)
Alt.
Stone (2004)
Presenter, A. A., & Presenter, B. B. (Date). Title of contribution [Poster presentation]. Conference Name, Location.
Davis, K., & Campell, K. (2007, April 20). Poster presentation 3 : Metal-doped chalcogenide glasses as phase-change memory materials [Poster presentation]. 2007 IEEE Workshop on Microelectronics and Electron Devices, Boise, ID, USA.
(Davis & Campell, 2007)
Alt.
Davis and Campell (2007)
Presenter, A. A., Presenter, B. B. & Presenter, C.C. (Date). Title of contribution [Conference session]. Conference Name, Location. URL
Fistek, A., Jester, E., & Sonnenberg, K. (2017, July 12-15). Everybody`s got a little music in them: Using music therapy to connect, engage, and motivate [Conference session]. Autism Society National Conference, Milwaukee, WI, United States. https://asa.confex.com/asa/2017/webprogramarchives/Session9517.html
(Fistrek et al., 2017)
Alt.
Fistrek et al. (2017)
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date). Title of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue number), page range. DOI
Karwalska, R., & Mazur-Belzyt, K. (2020). Eco-city: Model concept for transforming brownfield into modern urban district [Conference Paper]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 960(4), Article 042015. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/960/4/042015
(Karwalska & Mazur-Belzyt, 2020)
Alt.
Karwalska and Mazur-Belzyt (2020)
Conference proceedings published in a journal follow the same format as journal articles. For more examples see Academic Journal.
Author, A. A. (Date). Title [Unpublished X thesis]. Source.
Lindvall, N. (2012). Towards graphene-based devices: Fabrication and characterization [Unpublished licentiate dissertation]. Chalmers University of Technology.
(Lindvall, 2012)
Alt.
Lindvall (2012)
* Unpublished works generally must be retrieved directly from the university in print form, place the name of the university in the source element.
Author, A. A. (Date). Title. [X thesis, Name of institution Awarding the Degree]. Source. URL
Abrahamsson, N. (2013). Individuell mätning och debitering av värme i flerbostadshus: Svenska förutsättningar i jämförelse med erfarenheter från Tyskland och Danmark [Bachelor thesis, Uppsala University]. DiVA. http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A586048&dswid=-141
Gunnarsson, A. (2019). Radiative heat transfer in suspension-fired systems [Doctoral dissertation, Chalmers University of Technology]. Chalmers Research. https://research.chalmers.se/publication/511425
Gustafsson, E. (2019). Digital model-driven retail supply chain management (Publication no 27556610) [Licentiate dissertation, Chalmers Univerity of Technology]. ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global.
(Abrahamsson, 2013; Gunnarsson, 2019; Gustavsson, 2019)
Alt.
Abrahamsson (2013), Gunnarsson (2019) and Gustavsson (2019)
* If published works are available from a database, a university archive or a personal website, place the name of the university in square brackets after the title.
Name of Group. (Date). Title of report (Report No. X). Publisher Name. URL
International Maritime Organization. (2014). Implications of The United Nations convention on the law of the sea for the International Maritime Organization (LEG/MISC.8). http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Legal/Documents/LEG%20MISC%208.pdf
National Cancer Institute. (2018). Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment (NIH Publication No. 18-2424). US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life-after-treatment.pdf
(International Maritime Organization [IMO], 2014; National Cancer Institute [NCI], 2018)
Alt.
International Maritime Organization (IMO, 2014) and National Cancer Institute (NCI, 2018)
* When the publisher is the same as the author omit the publisher from the source element.
Provide the full name of the group on first mention in the text, followed by the abbreviation. The next time you cite the source, the abbreviation is used.
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of report (Report No. X). Publisher Name. URL
Algotsson, J., & Edman, M. (2019). Förslag till statusklassning av parameter 9.5 Sötvatteninflöde och vattenutbyte i kustvatten och vatten i övergångszon: En jämförelse mellan Kustzonsmodellens naturliga och normala uppsättning (Oceanografi, nr. 127). SMHI. http://smhi.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1367735/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Vierth, I. (2008). Långa och tunga lastbilars effekter på transportsystemet: Redovisning av regeringsuppdrag (VTI rapport, 605). VTI.
(Algotsson & Edman, 2019; Vierth, 2008)
Alt.
Algotsson and Edman (2019) and Vierth (2008)
Name of Group. (Date). Title of report (Report No. X). Publisher Name. URL
Delegationen för mänskliga rättigheter i Sverige. (2010). Ny struktur för skydd av mänskliga rättigheter: Slutbetänkande (SOU 2010:70). Fritzes offentliga publikationer. https://www.regeringen.se/49baff/contentassets/3da10d176fae4352bd4ee41b4bbd971a/ny-struktur-for-skydd-av-manskliga-rattigheter-sou-201070
Alt.
Nationella folkhälsokommittén. (2000). Hälsa på lika villkor: Nationella mål för folkhälsan: Slutbetänkande (SOU 2000:91). Fritzes offentliga publikationer.
(Delegationen för mänskliga rättigheter i Sverige, 2010; Nationella folkhälsokommittén, 2000)
Alt.
Delegationen för mänskliga rättigheter (2010) and Nationella folkhälsokommittén (2000)
* SOU is treated as a report with an organization as an author. However, the organization usually appoint a committee or investigation group that becomes the actual author. If it is difficult to determine names or if they have names that do not function independently, they are subordinated to their respective administrative units.
Name of Group. (Date). Title. Publisher Name.* URL.
Google Sweden AB. (2015). Årsredovisning för räkenskapsåret 2015. https://www5.infotorg.se/f30/view.htm?id=F165566566880&view=IMAL&viewFrom=VML
(Google Sweden AB, 2015)
Alt.
Google Sweden AB (2015)
* When the publisher is the same as the author omit the publisher from the source element.
Name of Group. (Date). Title. Publisher Name.
Försvarets materielverk. (2020). Årsredovisning 2019. Försvarsmakten.
(Försvarets materielverk [FMV], 2020)
Alt.
Försvarets materialverk (FMV, 2020)
* Provide the full name of the group on first mention in the text, followed by the abbreviation. The next time you cite the source, the abbreviation is used.
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of data set (Version X) [Data set]. Publisher Name. DOI/URL
O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 21600; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1
Pew Research Center. (2018). American trends panel Wave 26 [Data set]. https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/dataset/american-trends-panel-wave-26/
(O’Donohue, 2017; Pew Research Center, 2018)
Alt.
O’Donohue (2017) and Pew Research Center (2018)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of data set [Unpublished raw data]. Publisher Name.
Baer, R. A. (2015). [Unpublished raw data on the correlations between the Five Facet Mindfullness Questionnaire and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfullness Skills]*. University of Kentucky.
Oregon Youth Authority. (2010-2011). Recidivism outcomes [Unpublished raw data].
(Baer, 2015; Oregon Youth Authority [OYA]**, 2010-2011)
Alt.
Baer (2015) and Oregon Youth Authority (OYA, 2010-2011)
* For an untitled data set, provide a description in square brackets.
** Provide the full name of the group on first mention in the text, followed by the abbreviation. The next time you cite the source, the abbreviation is used.
An AI system can be a useful tool that can contribute to increased quality and productivity in your studies and in your future career, but it is important to be aware of the limitations and risks associated with AI systems. Note that it is not always permitted to use AI systems in your education. Always check with your teacher or examiner to what extent AI systems are allowed or not allowed to be used. You can read more about Chalmers' stance on AI systems here: Use of AI systems, known as chatbots, in your studies.
Text from generative AI is, for the most part, non-recoverable, meaning there is no way to link to it, and there is no way for the reader to access the source afterward. APA 7th style, therefore, recommends clarifying in the text how and in what manner the AI system has been used, including the prompt.
Author, A. A. (Year). Model name [Description]. URL.
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/share/5a1327c0-e637-4b3c-a3db-c380b8008ca8
…(OpenAI, 2023)
Alt.
According to OpenAI (2023)…
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., & Author, D. D. (Date). Title of work (Version X) [Software]. Publisher Name. URL
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/
(Borenstein et al., 2014)
Alt.
Borenstein et al. (2014)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of encyclopedia (X ed.). URL. Source. URL
Graham, G. (2019). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition). Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/behaviorism
(Graham, 2019)
Alt.
Graham (2019)
Name of Group. (n.d.). Title of chapter. In Title of encyclopedia. Retrieved month date, year, from URL
Britannica Academic. (n.d.). Solar cell. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 1, 2020, from https://academic.eb.com/levels/collegiate/article/solar-cell/106046
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Solar cell. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/solar%20cell
(Britannica Academic, n.d.; Merriam-Webster, n.d.)
Alt.
Britannica Academic (n.d.) and Merriam-Webster (n.d.)
Title of chapter. (Date). In Wikipedia. URL
Aktiebolag. (n.d.*). In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 12, 2020**, from https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktiebolag
List of oldest companies. (2020, March 2). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_oldest_companies&oldid=942822555
("Aktiebolag", n.d.; "List of Oldest Companies", 2020)
Alt.
"Aktiebolag" (n.d.) and "List of Oldest Companies" (2020)
* When an entry is continuously updated and the version is not archived, use "n.d." as the year of publication and include a retrieval date.
** Include a retrieval date only if the work is unarchived and designed to change over time. Read more about retrieval date under General Guidelines.
Cite the archived version of the page so the readers can retrieve the version you used. Access the archived version on Wikipedia by selecting "View history" and then the time and date of the version you used. If a wiki does not provide permanent links to archived versions of the page, include the URL for the entry and the retrieval date.
Name of Group. Date. Title of fact sheet [Description]. Publisher.* URL
El-kretsen. (2010). Vinnande återvinning [Fact sheet]. http://www.el-kretsen.se/sitespecific/elkretsen/files/atervinningssystemetdokument/vitvaror_produktblad.pdf
(El-kretsen, 2010)
Alt.
El-kretsen (2010)
* When the publisher is the same as the author omit the publisher from the source element.
Name of Group. Date. Title of fact sheet [Description]. Publisher.
Holmia. (1900). Prislistor över elektrisk installationsmateriel [Fact sheet].
(Holmia, 1900)
Alt.
Holmia (1900)
The APA Style Manual does not provide comprehensive guidance for public print and legal materials outside the jurisdiction of the United States, and in some respects the handling of legal materials differs from other types of materials. The examples below are based on Swedish practice and are suggestions for how to refer when using the APA style.
If there is an accepted and established constitutional name, it is printed in full the first time the source is cited. After that, only the abbreviation is used.
In the reference list, laws, constitutional collections, and other public publications are sorted in ascending order in addition to alphabetical order. For example, SOU 2019:1 comes before SOU 2019:2.
Chapters and paragraphs can be specified in the text if necessary. In such a case, add paragraph numbering and chapter in the reference in the in-text citation.
According to 2 §, chap. 2, in SFS 2017:30 . . .
SOU year:no. Title. Publisher. URL
SOU 2023:22. Data storage and access to electronic information. [Datalagring och åtkomst till elektronisk information]. Ministry of Justice. https://www.regeringen.se/contentassets/35276188514d40fb87785c81c0fbda93/datalagring-och-atkomst-till-elektronisk-information-sou-202322/
…(SOU 2023:22).
Alt.
According to the Data storage and access to electronic information report (SOU 2023:22)…
Ds Year:no. Title. Publisher/Departement. URL
Ds 2020:25. Cross-border access to radio and television programs. [Gränsöverskridande tillgång till radio- och tv-program]. Ministry of Justice. https://data.riksdagen.se/fil/F77F889F-A3C2-4E1D-BBFF-2D8B30889DAA
…(Ds 2020:25).
Alt.
According to a report (Ds 2020:25)…
Law designation Year:no. Title: Subtitle. Departement/Ministry. URL
Laws, regulations and some authority documents are published through various constitutional collections. These are collected in the Swedish Constitution Collection (SFS), but other central authorities can also publish their own collections of constitutions. For example; The Housing Authority's Constitution Collection (BFS) The Data Inspection Authority's Constitution Collection (DIFS) and the Maritime and Water Authority's Constitution Collection (HVMFS).
SFS 2013:801. Bibliotekslagen [Library Law]. Ministry of Culture. https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/bibliotekslag-2013801_sfs-2013-801/
...(SFS 2013:801).
Alt.
According to the Library law (SFS 2013:801)…
SFS 1995:1649. Lag om byggande av järnväg [Railway construction law]. Ministry of Infrastructure. https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/lag-19951649-om-byggande-av-jarnvag_sfs-1995-1649
...(SFS 1995:1649).
Alt.
According to the Railway construction law (SFS 1995:1649)…
*An URL is not needed for a printed documents.
Legal documents from the EU are published in different EU languages in the Official Journal of the European Union, with series L for legislation and C for notices and information.
Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications. Official Journal of the European Union, L 255, 22-142. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32005L0036&from=EN
Note: The title must include the entire regulation or directive. For the example above, this means that the example below is the title:
Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications…
For in-text citations, the title is used as author and abbreviated.
…(Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council 2005/36/EC).
Alt.
In the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council (2005/36/EC)…
The parliament documents consists bills, propositions, interpellations, motions, committee reports, government letters and government decisions.
Statute designation Year:no Title: Subtitle. Departement/Publisher. URL
Prop. 2019:20/81. Genomförandet av EU:s ändringsdirektiv om byggnaders energiprestanda [Implementation of the EU directive on the energy performance of buildings]. Ministry of Infrastructure. https://data.riksdagen.se/fil/8910C99E-1BB3-4683-86D5-CEAC136B16A5
(Prop. 2019:20/81).
Alt.
According to the proposition (2019:20/81)…
Inventor, A. A. (Year). Title of patent (Patent No.). Patent and Trademark Office. URL
Hiremath, S.C., Kumar, S., Lu, F., & Salehi, A. (2016). Using metaphors to present concepts across different intellectual domains (U.S. Patent Nr. 9,367,592). U.S Patent and Trademark Office. http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=9367592 *
Kullander, T. (2020). A control system for a wind park (Patent SE 1751445-6). The Swedish Intellectual Property Office. https://tc.prv.se/spd/patent?p1=PUV9IXl40ex7eM42P9NdVA&p2=roxaLt6sPUU&sort=filingdate&hits=true&ipcallklass=F03&lang=sv&tab=3&range=10&hitsstart=20&start=27
(Hiremath et al., 2016; Kullander, 2020)
Alt.
Hiremath et al. (2016) and Kullander (2020)
* The first patent listed was issued in 2016 to the inventors Hiremath et al., who worked for the computer company IBM. The patent number is a unique identifying code given to every patent. The year refers to the year the patent was issued, not the year the patent was applied for.
List of authorities responsible for intellectual property that issue patents in different countries.
Personal communications are not included in the reference list.
Personal communications include personal interviews, letters, e-mails, PM, classroom lectures notes, text messages and telephone calls. Since this material is normally not available to your reader, personal communications are not included in the reference list; they are cited in the text only.
When you want to use personal communications as sources you must always ask the person/s involved for permission.
(G. Cerderwall, personal communication, August 8, 2019)
Alt.
G. Cederwall (personal communication, August 8, 2019)
Corporate author. (2020). Title of standard (Standard No.). Publisher. URL
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (1970). Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and environmental control: Occupational noise exposure (OSHA Standard No. 1910.95). United States Department of Labor. https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95
Svenska institutet för standarder. (2018). Riskhantering - Vägledning (ISO 31000:2018, IDT). https://www.sis.se/produkter/foretagsorganisation/foretagsorganisation-och-foretagsledning-ledningssystem/foretagsorganisation/ss-iso-310002018/
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA], 1970; Svenska institutet för standarder [SIS], 2018)
Alt.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, 1970) and Svenska institutet för standarder (SIS, 2018)
Provide the full name of the group on first mention in the text, followed by the abbreviation. The next time you cite the source, the abbreviation is used.
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of work [Description]. Source. URL
Guo, L., Sandsjo, L., Catalan, M. J. O., & Skrifvars, M. (2020). Systematic review of textile-based electrodes for long-term and continuous surface electromyography recording [Manuscript in preparation]. Signals and systems, Chalmers University of Technology. https://research.chalmers.se/publication/514724
Jewell, J., & Cherp, A. (2020). On the political feasibility of climate change mitigation pathways: Is it too late to keep warming below 1.5°C? [Unpublished manuscript]. Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology. https://research.chalmers.se/publication/513896
(Guo et al., 2020; Jewell & Cherp, 2020)
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Guo et al. (2020) and Jewell and Cherp (2020)
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C. & Author, D. D. (Date). Title of work [Description]. DOI
Hampton, S., Rabagliati, H., Sorace, A., & Fletcher-Watson, S. (2017). Autism and bilingualism: A qualitative interview study of parents’ perspectives and experiences. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/76xfs
(Hampton et al., 2017)
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Hampton et al. (2017)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of work. Website name. URL
Austin, D. (2006). How Google finds your needle in the web´s haystack. American Mathematical Society. http://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/feature-column/fcarc-pagerank
(Austin, 2006)
Alt.
Austin (2006)
Name of Group. (Date). Title of work. URL
Chalmers University of Technology. (2020, September 2). About Chalmers. https://www.chalmers.se/en/about-chalmers/Pages/default.aspx
(Chalmers University of Technology, 2020)
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Chalmers University of Technology (2020)
We created our survey using Qualtrics (https://www.qualtrics.com).
* To mention a website in general, do not create a reference list entry or an in-text citation. Instead, include the name of the website in the text and provide the URL in parentheses.
Artist, A. A. (Date). Title of work [Description]. Museum Name, Museum Location. URL
Cole, T. (1842). The voyage of life: Youth [Painting]. National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., USA. https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.52451.html
Delacroix, E. (1826-1827). Faust attempts to seduce Marguerite [Litograph]. The Louvre, Paris, France.
(Cole, 1842; Delacroix, 1826-1827)
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Cole (1842) and Delacroix (1826-1827)
Author, A.A. (Date). Title of work [Description]. Source. URL
Can Pac Swire. (2019). Dutch cargo ship Aragonborg of Delfzijl [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/people/18378305@N00/
(Can Pac Swire, 2019)
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Can Pac Swire (2019)
If you include an image in your text, you should also provide a reference and a license applied. APA Style has further instructions on how you should work with images in your text:
Name of Group. (Date). Title of work [Map]. Source. URL
Google. (n.d.). [Google maps directions for driving from Gothenburg to Stockholm]. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://www.google.se/maps
Sveriges geologiska undersökning. (n.d.). [Map]. Retrieved March 27, 2020, from http://apps.sgu.se/kartvisare/kartvisare-fororenade-omraden-sv.html
(Google, n.d.; Sveriges geologiska undersökning, n.d.)
Alt.
Google (n.d.) and Sveriges geologiska undersökning, (n.d.)
* Dynamically created maps do not have a title, describe the map in square brackets, and include a retrieval date.
Host, H. H. (Host). (Date). Title of episode [Podcast episode]. In Title of podcast. Production Company. URL
Krotoski, A. (Host). (2020, March 20). Lab rats (Series 19) [Podcast episode]. In The Digital Human. BBC. https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000g4zs
(Krotoski, 2020)
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Krotoski (2020)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of work [Description]. Source. URL
Lari, T. (2008). Supersimmetria measurements with ATLASAfter we have discovered New Physics, can we understand what it is? [PowerPoint presentation]. https://scholar.google.se/scholar?q=filetype%3Appt+intitle%3ASupersymmetry+measurements+with+ATLAS&btnG=&hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5
Vanderbauwhede, W. (2020). A few thoughts on work life-balance [PowerPoint slides]. SlideShare. https://www.slideshare.net/WimVanderbauwhede/a-few-thoughts-on-work-lifebalance
(Lari, 2008; Vanderbauwhede, 2020)
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Lari (2008) and Vanderbauwhede (2020)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of work [Video]. Source. URL
McEuen, P., & Miskin, M. (2019, November). Tiny robots with giant potential [Video]. TED. https://www.ted.com/talks/paul_mceuen_and_marc_miskin_tiny_robots_with_giant_potential
TED. (2017, January 31). The next step in nanotechnology: George Tulevski [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds_rzoyyfF0
(McEuen & Miskin, 2019; TED, 2017)
Alt.
McEuen and Miskin (2019) and TED (2017)
* When a TED Talk comes from TED´s website use the name of the speaker as the author. When a TED Talk is on YouTube list the owner of the YouTube account as the author.
Producer, P. P. (Date). Title of work [TV-show]. URL
SVT. (2020, February 17). Naturens smarta lösningar [TV-show]. https://www.svtplay.se/naturens-smarta-losningar
(SVT, 2020)
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SVT (2020)
Host, H. H. (Host). (Date). Title of webinar [Webinar]. Source. URL
Davenport, T. H. (Host). (2020, January 27). Creating a data-driven culture [Webinar]. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/webinar/2020/01/creating-a-data-driven-culture
(Davenport, 2020)
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Davenport (2020)
Author, A. A. (Date). Title of work [Video].YouTube. URL
EFN. (2016, October 10). Grafen – det nya supermaterialet [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fXdj7aQS7Q
Learn Engineering. (2019, June 4). Why lithium-ion batteries are the future? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvGB4ZyMvBU
(EFN, 2016; Learn Engineering, 2019)
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EFN (2016) and Learn Engineering (2019)