Examples in Reference List

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, Book Title: Subtitle. Xnd ed., City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year of publication.

[1] J. Harte, Consider a Cylindrical Cow: More Adventures in Environmental Problem Solving. Sausalito, CA, USA: University Science Books, 2001.

[2] M. Lancaster, Green chemistry: An introductory text. 2nd ed., Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016.

[3] L. Rohlin et al., Strategic leadership in the learning society. Dalby, Sverige: MiL Publishers, 1998.

* Edition information should be included starting from the second edition.

** Volume information is given if the publication has more than one volume.

***If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

****Note that talking books or DAISY books is only indicated by the publisher. No other information is needed.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title of chapter in the book," in Title of Book: Subtitle, xth ed., Editor's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, Ed. City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year, ch. #, pp. #-#.

[15] L. Stein, “Random patterns,” in Computers and You, J. S. Brake, Ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1994, pp. 55-70.

* Edition information should be included starting from the second edition

* Volume information is given if the publication has more than one volume.

* If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, Book Title: Subtitle. Xnd ed., City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year of publication. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[17] H. Iqbal, Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Design Fundamentals, 2nd ed., Boca Raton, FL, USA: Taylor & Francis, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444535658, Accessed on: 2020-10-03.

* Edition information should be included starting from the second edition

** Volume information is given if the publication has more than one volume.

*** If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title of chapter in the book," in Title of Book: Subtitle, Xth ed., Editor's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, Ed. City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year, ch. #, pp. #-#. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[5] G. Rizzoni, “Electrical engineering,” in Mechatronic Systems, Sensors, and Actuators, R. H. Bishop, Ed., Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2008, sec. II, ch. 11, pp. 11-36. [Online]. Available: http://lib.myilibrary.com/Open.aspx?id=124417, Accessed on: 2020-10-03.

* Edition information should be included starting from the second edition

* Volume information is given if the publication has more than one volume.

* If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title of article," in Title of Proceedings, Place (where conference took place), Country, Year (when conference took place), pp. #-#. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[13] J. Lach, "SBFS: Steganography based file system," in Proceedings of the 2008 1st International Conference on Information Technology, Gdansk, Poland, 2008, pp. 1-4. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4621617&tag=1, Accessed on: 2020-10-02.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, ”Title of article," in Title of Proceedings, Place (where conference took place), Country, Year (when conference took place), pp. #-#.

[2] L. Liu and H. Miao, "A specification based approach to testing polymorphic attributes," in Formal Methods and Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, Seattle, WA, USA, 2004, pp. 306-319.

[#] Editor's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, Ed/s. Title of Proceedings, Year (when conference took place). [Format]. Available: URL

[8] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds. Proceedings of the IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Informatics and The Digital Society: Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues on Informatics and ICT, Dortmund, Germany. [Online]. Available: http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=647108

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title: Subtitle," Ph.D. dissertation/Lic./BSc/MSc thesis, Department, University, City of Publisher, Country, Year. [Type of Medium]. Available: URL

[21] D. Steen, "Impact on the distribution system due to plug-in electric vehicles and changes in electric usage," Lic. thesis, Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2012. [Online]. Available: http://webfiles.portal.chalmers.se/et/Lic/SteenDavid.pdf

[22] J. Havås, A. Olsson, J. Persson, and M. S. Schierscher, "Modeling and optimization of university timetabling: A case study in integer programming," BSc thesis, Department of Mathematical Science, Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2013. [Online]. Available: http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/185558/185558.pdf

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title: Subtitle," Ph.D. dissertation/Lic./BSc/MSc thesis, Department, University, City of Publisher, Country, Year.

[2] H. He, "Molecular doping of epitaxial graphene : for device applications," Ph.D. dissertation, Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2020.

[3] J. Lenberg and O. Ljunggren, "Up-time components investigation: FM/FH trucks, version 2," MSc thesis, Department of Shipping and Marine Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, 2006.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, "Title of article," Title of Newspaper, Month Abbreviation, Day, Year, pp. #-#. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[4] A. Hern, “Self-driving cars face a long and winding road to success,” The Guardian, May, 28, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/28/self-driving-cars-google-success, Accessed on: 2020-10-02.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, "Title of article," Title of Newspaper, Month Abbreviation, Day, Year, pp. #-#.

[5] B. Meier, "Energy drinks promise edge, but experts say proof is scant," New York Times, Jan., 1, 2013, p. 1

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, “Title of article,” Title of Periodical, vol. #, no. #, pp. #-#, Abbreviated Month, year. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: date.

[19] S. Mirsky, “Water walker wanders worldwide: Walking on water takes a man with mighty big shoes to fill,” Scientific American, Dec. 2015. [Online]. Available: http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/water-walker-wanders-worldwide, Accessed on: Oct 03, 2017.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, “Title of article,” Title of Periodical, vol. #, no. #, pp. #-#, Abbreviated Month, year.

[11] S. Mirsky, “Great feets: Walking on water takes a man with mighty big shoes to fill,” Scientific American, vol. 313, nr. 6, s. 74, Nov. 2015.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, “Title of report,” Name of Organization, City of Organization, Country, Report number, Volume, Year. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[3] B. M. McDowell Bomani, D. L. Bulzan, D. I. Centeno-Gomez, and Robert C. Hendricks, "Biofuels as an alternative energy source for aviation: A survey," NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA, TM-2009-215587, 2009. [Online]. Available: http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20100002886.pdf, Accessed on: 2020-10-02.

[5] “Implications of The United Nations convention on the law of the sea for the International Maritime Organization (LEG/MISC.8),” International Maritime Organization, London, United Kingdom, 2014. [Online]. Available: http://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Legal/Documents/LEG%20MISC%208.pdf, Accessed on: 2018-03-16.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, “Title of report,” Name of Organization, City of Organization, Country, Report number, Volume, Year.

[35] D. Corbus and M. Meadors, “Small wind research turbine,” Nat. Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA, NREL/TP-500- 38550, 2005.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, “Title of article,” Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. #-#, Abbreviated Month. Year, doi:10.1109.XXXX.123456.

[5] V. L. Leonov, "Thermoelectric energy harvesting of human body heat for wearable sensors," Sensors Journal, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 2284-2291, Jun. 2013, doi:10.1109/JSEN.2013.2252526.

[1] J. Rathbone, M. Carter, T. Hoffmann, and P. Glasziou, “Better duplicate detection for systematic reviewers: Evaluation of systematic review assistant-deduplication module,” Syst. Rev., vol. 4, no. 1, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-6.

* If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name et al., “Title of article,” Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. #-#, Abbreviated Month. Year, doi:10.1109.XXXX.123456.

[7] S. Shamshirband et al., "Sensorless estimation of wind speed by adaptive neuro-fuzzy methodology," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 62, pp. 490-495, Nov. 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.04.065.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, “Title of article,” Title of Journal, vol. x, p. Article Number, Abbreviated Month. Year, doi:10.1109.XXXX.123456.

[10] S. Huang, Q. He, M. Liu, H. An, och L. Hou, “Controlled synthesis of porous nanosheets-assembled peony-like cobalt nickel selenides for triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 818, p. 386315, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1155/2014/386315.

* If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, “Title of article,” Title of Journal, vol. x, no. x, pp. #-#, Abbreviated Month. Year.

[1] E. Röös, and H. Karlsson, ”Effect of eating seasonal on the carbon footprint of Swedish vegetable consumption,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 59, pp. 63-72, Nov. 2013.

* If six or more names are given, use only the last name of the name of the first author followed by et al.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title of entry," in Title of Encyclopedia, vol. X, Xth ed., City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year, pp. #-#. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[3] P. A. Freiberger, D. Hemmendinger, W. M. Pottenger, and M. R. Swaine, "Computer," in Encyclopaedia Britannica. Chicago, IL, USA: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. [Online]. Available: http://academic.eb.com/EBchecked/topic/130429/computer, Accessed on: 2020-10-02.

* Edition information is given as from the second edition.

* Volume information is given if the encyclopedia has more than one volume.

* If no author or editor is given, move the title to the author position.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title of entry," in Title of Encyclopedia, vol.X, Xth ed., City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year, pp. #-#.

[22] N. MacCoull, “Internal combustion engine,” in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, vol. 7, New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill, 1977, pp. 226 – 239.

* Edition information is given as from the second edition.

* Volume information is given if the encyclopedia has more than one volume.

* If no author or editor is given, move the title to the author position.

[#] Title, Statute designation number, Government/Department, City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Abbreviated Month, Year. [Online]. Available: URL

[1] Lag om byggande av järnväg, SFS 1995:1649, Ministry of Infrastructure., Stockholm, Sweden: Government Offices, Dec. 1995. [Online]. Available: https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/lag-19951649-om-byggande-av-jarnvag_sfs-1995-1649

[#] Title, Statute designation number, Government/Department, City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Abbreviated Month, Year. [Online].

[1] Plan- och bygglag: Lag om exploateringssamverkan, SFS 1987:10-12, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, Stockholm, Sweden: Fakta Info Direkt AB, 1987.

Legislation type Legislation number Title (Year), OJ series number/first page. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: date.

Council Directive 2001/29/EC on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (2001), OJ L167/10. [Online]. Available: http://www.ebu.ch/CMSimages/en/leg_ref_ec_directive_copyright_infosociety_220501_tcm6-4384.pdf, Accessed on: Oct 03, 2017.

[21] Sjölag 1994:1009, Om fartyg, Kap. 1 § 1.2. [Online]. Available: https://lagen.nu/1994:1009, Accessed on: Oct 03, 2017.

[#] Title of patent, by Inventor’s First Name Initial/s. Last Name. (Year, Month Day)*. Patent Number [Online]. Available: URL

[5] Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror, by L. M. R. Brooks. (1992, May 19). Patent D 326 189 [Online]. Available: http://www.google.com/patents/USD326189.

[8] Information based controlling of chassis height of a vehicle, by M. Larsson and C.Oscarssson. (2007, February 27). SE528864 [Online]. Available: http://worldwide.espacenet.com

* The date refers to when the patent was issued, not the year the patent was applied for.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, “Title of patent,” Patent Number, Abbreviated Month, Day, Year*.

[9] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624 125, July 16, 1990.

* The date refers to when the patent was issued, not the year the patent was applied for.

[#] Product sheet title, City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year. [Online]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[10] Plus [8]: Instruction, Kinnarp, Sweden: Kinnarps, n.d. [Online]. Available: http://www.kinnarps.com/Documents/UserGuides/UserGuidePlus6-8000.pdf, Accessed on: 2020-10-02.

[#] Product sheet title, City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year.

[1] Plus [6] Plus [8]: Instruction, Kinnarp, Sweden: Kinnarps, n.d.

[#] Title of app, Version, City, Country : Developer, Year of Publication. [App] Available: URL

[37] WolframAlpha, Version 1.3.0.5087674 for Android, Champaign, IL : Wolfram Group, 2014. [App] Available: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.wolfram.android.alpha

* You do not need to reference commonly used engineering software such as MATLAB or AutoCAD.

Title of Software, Version or Year, [Type of medium], City, Country : Developer, Year of Publication.

[38] iMindMap, Version 1.3, [Software], Cardiff, UK : ThinkBuzan, 2014.

* You do not need to reference commonly used engineering software such as MATLAB or AutoCAD.

An AI system can be a useful tool that can contribute to increased quality and productivity in your studies and in your future career, but it is important to be aware of the limitations and risks associated with AI systems. Note that it is not always permitted to use AI systems in your education. Always check with your teacher or examiner to what extent AI systems are allowed or not allowed to be used. You can read more about Chalmers' stance on AI systems here: Use of AI systems, known as chatbots, in your studies.

Text from generative AI is, for the most part, non-recoverable, meaning there is no way to link to it, and there is no way for the reader to access the source afterward.

IEEE has not yet published any official recommendation for referencing AI-generated materials. We have chosen to use the format for Software, as we believe it's the best match for the style.

Template:

[#] Model name (Version or Year), Developer, Publishing year. [Model type]. URL

Example:

[16] ChatGPT (version maj 24), OpenAI, 2023. [Large Language Model]. https://chat.openai.com/share/5a1327c0-e637-4b3c-a3db-c380b8008ca8

[#] Primary Contributor's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, Role in production, "Title of episode," Title of podcast, Abbreviated Month. Day, Year of broadcasting. [Type of medium]. Available: URL

[29] A. Krotoski, Host, "Lab rats," The Digital Human, Mar. 20, 2020. [Podcast episode]. Available: https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m000g4zs

[#] Primary Contributor's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, "Title of video," Title of Website, Abbreviated Month. Day, Year of broadcasting. [Type of medium]. Available: URL

[23] Learn Engineering, "Why lithium-ion batteries are the future? [Video]. YouTube, Jun. 4, 2019. Available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OvGB4ZyMvBU

[#] Cartographer. "Title of map: Subtitle," scale, City of Publisher, Country: Publisher, Year. [Type of medium]. Available: URL, Accessed on: Date.

[1] U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, "Thailand: Administrative divisions," 1:7 800 000, Washington, DC, USA: U. S. Central Intelligence Agency, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/cia-maps-publications/map-downloads/thailand-administrative.pdf, Accessed on: 2017-10-02.

[2] British Geological Survey, “Geology of the United Kingdom, Ireland and continental shelf: South,” 1:1 000 000, Nottingham, UK: British Geological Survey, 1991.

[#] Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate Author, City, Country, Year. Available: URL

[1] Occupational safety and health standards: Occupational health and environmental control: Occupational noise exposure, OSHA Standard 1910.95, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, United States Department of Labor, Washington, USA, 1970. Available: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95

[#] Title of Standard, Standard number, Corporate Author, City, Country, Year.

[2] Parameter Values for Ultra-High Definition Television Systems for Switzerland, Production and International Programme Exchange, Rec. ITU-R BT.2020-2, International Telecommunications Union, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, private communication, Abbrev. Month, Year.

[#] Author's First Name Initial/s. Last Name, “Title of paper,” unpublished.

[1] A. Smith, private communication, Dec. 2015.

[2] B. Smith, “An approach to graphs of linear forms,” unpublished.

[3] A. Brahms, “Representation error for real numbers in binary computer arithmetic,” IEEE Computer Group Repository, Paper R-67-85.

[#] Organisation*, “Title of webpage,” Year. [Online]. Available: URL (accessed on: Date).

[18] Apple Inc., “Apple iPhone,” 2016. [Online]. Available: http://apple.com/iphone (accessed on: 2020-10-02).

* If an organization is both corporate author and owner of the website's domain, its name should appear in the reference only once (in the author field).

[#] Author's First Name Initials. Last Name, “Title of webpage,” Title of website. [Online]. Abbreviated Month. Day, Year. Available: URL (accessed on: Date).

[5] D. Austin, "How Google finds your needle in the web´s haystack," American Mathematical Society. [Online]. Dec. 2006. Available: http://www.ams.org/publicoutreach/feature-column/fcarc-pagerank (accessed on: 2020-10-02).